'Firkle', 'Gluschdich' and more: 10 words we learned in 2024 that will expand your mind

In 2024, the BBC Features team has uncovered a fascinating array of words that have sparked our curiosity and expanded our understanding of the world. These words and phrases, drawn from various languages, reflect the changes and challenges we face globally. They illustrate how language serves as a bridge to different cultures and experiences, allowing us to explore the richness of human expression. From terms that describe the search for food in the Arctic to unique expressions that capture the essence of life in different regions, this year's discoveries highlight the importance of language in our lives. One notable word comes from Alpine German, an ancient term used in the Alps to describe artifacts revealed by melting ice. As global warming accelerates, glaciers are retreating, exposing lost worlds and reshaping our historical narratives. This word not only connects us to the past but also serves as a reminder of the environmental changes we are witnessing today. Another intriguing phrase is Sarkese, which translates to 'how are you? ' This language, spoken on the island of Sark, is now at risk of extinction, with only three native speakers remaining. Its roots trace back to the Norman language, showcasing the evolution of language through cultural interactions over centuries. The North Sami language, spoken by reindeer herders in the Arctic, features a near-untranslatable word that describes the ideal conditions for reindeer to forage for lichen beneath the snow. This language is deeply intertwined with the Sami people's way of life, boasting over 300 words for snow and various terms for reindeer. However, as climate change alters their environment, some traditional words are becoming less relevant, highlighting the impact of environmental shifts on language. In Antarctica, researchers have developed their own slang while working in isolation at the Rothera Research Station. One such term means 'to sort through something,' reflecting how language adapts to unique circumstances. Linguists studying these changes gain insights into how languages evolve, similar to the divergence of British and American English over time. Another captivating word comes from Pennsylvania Dutch, meaning 'I am not hungry but I feel like eating! ' This Germanic language, primarily spoken by Amish and Mennonite communities, has cultural significance tied to the origins of Groundhog Day, known as 'Grundsaudaag' in Pennsylvania Dutch. The language is thriving due to the growing Amish population, and linguist Rose Fisher expresses her love for it, as it connects her to her heritage and childhood. She cherishes the unique expressions that exist in Pennsylvania Dutch, such as 'gluschdich,' which do not have direct translations in English. Jamaican Patwa, also known as Patois or Creole, emerged in Jamaica during the 17th century as a blend of English and various African languages. Today, it is spoken with pride by many, especially among younger generations who are reclaiming their linguistic identity. The joy of mutual understanding among Creole speakers fosters a sense of community and connection. Young speakers are also infusing Patwa with influences from other languages, contributing to its dynamic evolution. In Korean, a nuanced word captures the essence of predestined relationships, prominently featured in Celine Song's Oscar-nominated film Past Lives. The term emphasizes the significance of connections between individuals, suggesting that even brief encounters may hold deeper meanings rooted in past lives. In Bengali, a phrase meaning 'from darkness to hope' symbolizes the transition towards renewable energy, illustrating how language can encapsulate complex ideas related to climate change and sustainability. Lastly, in Mandarin, the term for tornado translates to 'swirling-dragon wind,' reflecting cultural interpretations of natural phenomena. As we approach 2025, we look forward to embracing a vibrant phrase from Costa Rican Spanish, 'pure life,' which embodies optimism and a positive outlook on life. These words and expressions remind us of the beauty and diversity of languages, encouraging us to appreciate the connections they foster across cultures.