Sunscreen myths: The real science behind sun protection

Sunscreen is a common part of summer routines, but there are many myths about how it works and how to use it. Some of these myths come from social media influencers, while others are just misunderstandings that have spread over time. Let’s look at what scientific research and experts say about sunscreen and sun protection, so you can make smart choices when you’re outside.

One big myth is about the SPF number on sunscreen bottles. Many people think that if they use SPF 50, they can stay in the sun 50 times longer than if they weren’t wearing sunscreen. That’s not true. SPF actually measures how much of the sun’s burning rays (UVB) get through to your skin. For example, SPF 25 lets in 4 percent of those rays, and SPF 50 lets in 2 percent. But these numbers are based on lab tests where people use a thick layer of sunscreen. Most people use much less, so they get more sun exposure than they realize. To get the best protection, you should reapply sunscreen every two hours, and after swimming or sweating. Also, look for 'broad spectrum' sunscreen, which protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

UVA and UVB rays are both dangerous. UVA rays go deeper into your skin and can cause aging, while UVB rays cause sunburn. Both types can lead to skin cancer. Scientists used to think only UVB was the problem, but now they know UVA is also harmful. That’s why it’s important to use sunscreen that blocks both. Even people with darker skin can get sunburn and skin cancer, so everyone should use sunscreen.

Another myth is that you can’t get sunburned on cloudy days. In reality, clouds don’t always block UV rays. Thick clouds can block most of the rays, but thin or scattered clouds might not block any. Sometimes, clouds can even make the rays stronger. Sitting in the shade helps, but not all shade is equal. A beach umbrella only blocks some rays, and you can still get burned from rays coming from the side or reflected off the ground. Trees with lots of leaves are better, but you still need sunscreen.

You might not need sunscreen all year, depending on where you live and what you do. In places like the UK, the sun’s UV index is low in winter, so you don’t need sunscreen as much. But if you go skiing or spend a lot of time outside, you should still protect your skin. The UV index can change quickly, so it’s important to pay attention.

Some people think mineral sunscreens only work if you can see them on your skin, but that’s not true. They protect you even if you can’t see them. Also, using sunscreen does not mean you won’t get enough vitamin D. Most people get enough sun for vitamin D, even with sunscreen.

You don’t have to wait 20 minutes for sunscreen to start working. It works right away, but waiting helps it dry and stay on better.

People with darker skin still need sunscreen. They have some natural protection, but they can still get sunburn and skin cancer.

Some people think sunscreen causes more skin cancer, but that’s not true. More people get skin cancer because they spend more time in the sun or use tanning beds. Sunscreen helps protect you, but you shouldn’t stay in the sun too long just because you have it on.

To stay healthy, protect your skin from the sun. Use sunscreen, wear hats and protective clothing, and find good shade. That way, you can enjoy being outside without risking your health.