Why forgetting is beneficial

Neuroscientist Charan Ranganath believes that memory serves a much greater purpose than simply recalling the past. He argues that memory is a prism through which we perceive ourselves, others, and the world. Ranganath, a psychology professor at the University of California, Davis, has dedicated 30 years to studying the brain processes related to memory. In a conversation with science writer David Robson, Ranganath challenges common assumptions about memory, highlighting its apparent flaws as essential for our survival. One of the thought-provoking concepts he discusses is 'error-driven learning,' which suggests that we learn best when we allow ourselves to make mistakes. Memories are formed through changes in the strength of connections between neurons. When we try to retrieve these memories, they may be imperfect, but this process allows the brain to strengthen good links and weaken bad ones. This is why challenging ourselves to recall information is the best way to learn. Ranganath also emphasizes the benefits of forgetfulness, comparing our memory to a hoarder. He explains that forgetfulness allows us to focus on what's important and avoid being burdened by irrelevant details. As we age, our ability to form memories doesn't necessarily decline, but we may struggle to focus on the information that matters. Ranganath suggests three strategies to improve memory quality: creating distinctiveness, organizing memories in a meaningful way, and using cues to trigger memories. He also explains why false recollections occur and how sharing memories with others can alter our own recollections. Ranganath's research has influenced his own approach to preserving his memory, leading him to prioritize activities that maintain cognitive health.