從太空看，歐洲夏季熱浪將大地染成褐色，河水水位下降。

This summer, Europe has experienced record-breaking heatwaves, and the effects are visible from space. Satellite images reveal dramatic changes across the continent, including dried-up rivers, scorched fields, and shrinking glaciers. Even famous landmarks like the Palace of Versailles now stand out as green islands surrounded by brown, parched land. The European Union's climate monitoring service, Copernicus, confirmed that this June and July were the hottest ever recorded in Western Europe. The main reason for these heatwaves is a series of high-pressure weather systems that have kept skies clear and temperatures rising. However, scientists say that climate change, caused mostly by burning fossil fuels, is making these hot spells more frequent and intense.

One of the most noticeable impacts is on Europe's rivers. The Danube, which is the continent's second-longest river, has dropped to its lowest level in thirty years in several countries. This has led to some surprising discoveries, such as mammoth bones in Bulgaria and a sunken World War Two ship in Serbia, now visible because the water is so low. In Hungary and Romania, nuclear power plants have had to shut down or reduce their output because they cannot use the river water for cooling. The Rhine River has also suffered, with some cargo ships stranded and river cruises cancelled due to low water levels.

The Alps, known for their snowy peaks, have not escaped the heat either. Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate, and this summer could be one of the worst ever for glacier loss. After a mild winter with little snow, the hot weather in May and June melted what little snow was left, exposing the ice underneath. This made the glaciers melt even faster during the following heatwaves. For example, the Rhône Glacier in Switzerland has retreated by more than fifty meters since last year, as shown in satellite images. Scientists warn that if this trend continues, the future of the Alps looks bleak.

Wildfires have also been a major problem this summer. In France, more than ninety thousand hectares of land have burned, making it the worst year on record for wildfires. The largest fire, near Bordeaux, destroyed an area about the size of the Isle of Wight. The land has been extremely dry, which makes it easy for fires to start and spread. Experts say that climate change is creating the perfect conditions for wildfires, with higher temperatures drying out plants and soil more quickly.

Satellite data shows that much of Western Europe is turning brown. Scientists use a tool called the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index to measure how green and healthy the land is. This summer, about seventy percent of France had lower readings than the average for the past five years, meaning the vegetation was more stressed or sparse. Nearly half of the UK and forty percent of western Germany showed similar results. This is worrying for farmers, as dry soil and stressed plants can lead to lower crop yields and threaten food production. In some of the worst-hit areas, soil moisture is lower than it has been on ninety-eight percent of similar dates in the past. Even if rain returns, some of the damage to crops may already be permanent.

The heat has affected daily life as well. In Italy, construction workers have had to work in extreme heat, and old photos of glaciers show just how much they have shrunk over the years. Scientists say that if these trends continue, Europe will face even more challenges with water shortages, agriculture, and wildfires. The situation highlights the urgent need to address climate change and protect the environment for the future.