英國啟動僅用8週時間研發的伊波拉疫苗快速試驗！

A new Ebola vaccine developed by scientists at the University of Oxford is now ready to be tested on people in the UK. The vaccine was created in just eight weeks after a public health emergency was declared in May. The UK’s health regulator has given permission for the trials to begin, and healthy adults in the UK will be the first to receive the vaccine in the coming weeks. This vaccine is the first of four being developed to reach the stage of human trials. The Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has already caused over 1,700 confirmed cases and more than 600 deaths. The outbreak is caused by the Bundibugyo species of Ebola, which has started outbreaks before. There are six different types of Ebola, and each one needs its own vaccine or treatment. Right now, there are no approved vaccines for this type, so scientists are racing to find a solution.

Dr Katrina Pollock, who is leading the trial at Oxford, explained that phase one trials like this are common so that scientists can be ready for emergencies. The trial will include 50 healthy adults aged 18 to 55, and the volunteers will be monitored for a year. The team is also working with partners in Uganda to prepare for trials in Africa. The vaccine was made quickly because the scientists used the same technology as the Oxford/AstraZeneca Covid vaccine. They use a harmless virus that usually infects chimpanzees and change it so it cannot cause disease. Then, they add a small piece of the Ebola virus’s genetic code. When the vaccine is injected, the body starts making a protein from the Ebola virus, which teaches the immune system to recognize and fight Ebola if it ever appears.

The vaccine has already been tested on mice and monkeys and is being made to high standards by the Serum Institute of India, which has produced about 620,000 doses. The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency has approved the start of human trials based on the animal data. Vaccine researcher Alex Sampson said that the team was able to move quickly because they did many tests at the same time, but they did not skip any important steps. Vaccines usually take years to develop, but this one was made much faster because of the new technology and teamwork. The Oxford Covid vaccine saved millions of lives, but it also had rare side effects like blood clots. The new Ebola vaccine might have similar risks, but the danger from Ebola is much higher. Dr Pollock said that severe side effects are very rare and that volunteers will be told about any risks. Other companies are also working on vaccines for this type of Ebola, including Moderna and the International Aids Vaccine Initiative. If the Oxford vaccine works, it could help stop the outbreak and save many lives.