來自太空的金屬：小行星採礦的艱難未來

Asteroid mining is an emerging concept where companies aim to extract valuable minerals from asteroids floating in space. Recently, a start-up named AstroForge attempted to launch a spacecraft called Odin to explore an asteroid. The launch took place on February 27, 2025, but the mission encountered some difficulties. Despite these setbacks, Matt Gialich, the founder of AstroForge, remains optimistic about the future of asteroid mining. He stated, 'Yes, there are a lot more baby steps to take, but we're going to start to actually do it. You have to try. ' The company is particularly interested in mining precious metals like platinum and rhodium, which are known for their high market value. For instance, one kilogram of rhodium can fetch around $183,000, highlighting the potential financial rewards of successful asteroid mining. However, experts express skepticism about the feasibility of mining asteroids in the near future. Ian Lange, an associate professor at the Colorado School of Mines, pointed out that extracting resources in space presents unique challenges, especially due to the lack of gravity. He explained that while mining on Earth is relatively straightforward, the absence of gravity in space complicates the extraction process. The concept of asteroid mining has been around since the 1980s when NASA began exploring the idea of utilizing space resources. Over the years, several private companies have attempted to enter the field, but many have faced significant financial hurdles, leading to some companies abandoning their efforts. Lange believes that it may take another 30 years before asteroid mining becomes a practical reality. On the other hand, Victor Vescovo, a key investor in AstroForge, argues that advancements in technology are accelerating the timeline for asteroid mining. He believes that if the company can successfully return even a small quantity of minerals from an asteroid, it will demonstrate the viability of the concept. Vescovo stated, 'Bring back a few micrograms to show it can be done and then scaling the process up is relatively straightforward. ' This suggests that proving the concept on a small scale could pave the way for larger operations in the future. Additionally, the cost of launching rockets into space has significantly decreased in recent years, making it more feasible for companies to send their spacecraft without incurring exorbitant expenses. Gialich emphasizes that asteroid mining could provide a sustainable source of resources, reducing the environmental impact of traditional mining on Earth. He remarked, 'There's infinite space out there and countless asteroids but only one Earth. ' However, the legal landscape surrounding asteroid mining remains uncertain. Current international space laws suggest that space should be treated as a common area, but they do not explicitly address the ownership of resources. Rosanna Deplano, a professor of international space law, noted that discussions regarding the legalities of asteroid mining are set to take place in 2027. She commented, 'If the extraction from asteroids is for scientific research I don't think it will be terribly problematic, but the problem arises on the political level when it's commercial. ' This indicates that while scientific endeavors may face fewer legal challenges, commercial interests could complicate matters significantly. In summary, asteroid mining presents an exciting opportunity to access valuable resources from space. While there are numerous challenges to overcome, the potential benefits are substantial. Companies like AstroForge are diligently working to turn this vision into reality, and only time will reveal whether they will succeed in their ambitious endeavors.