印度富豪轉變捐贈方式：從寺廟捐贈轉向科技驅動科學捐贈！

India is seeing a new trend where wealthy individuals are increasingly supporting science and research, moving away from the traditional focus on religious donations. For a long time, most charitable giving in India went to temples and religious organizations. However, this is changing as more business leaders and entrepreneurs are investing in scientific research and education. One example is Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, a billionaire who owns Biocon Limited, a large pharmaceutical company. In 2022, she funded a laboratory for advanced biology research, hoping to encourage innovation in the field. Another example is Jainendra Jain, an Indian-American physicist who was surprised when Abhishek Lodha, a real estate tycoon, asked him to lead a new theoretical physics institute in Mumbai. Jain said that while it is common for wealthy Americans to support science, it is still rare in India.

Recently, Rajiv Bajaj, from one of India's oldest business families, started the country's largest scholarship program for women in engineering. The program offers up to 800,000 rupees to help female students attend top universities. In Bengaluru, known as India's Silicon Valley, several tech billionaires have pledged large amounts of money for projects ranging from robotic astronomy to medical research. Experts believe this shift shows that India's wealthy are starting to see the connection between science and the country's long-term success. Abhishek Lodha, who is investing $100 million in the new physics institute, said that India has many talented people but lacks the infrastructure for high-quality research. He hopes the new institute will help create an environment where innovation and technology can thrive.

Despite these positive changes, India still spends much less on research and development compared to countries like China, South Korea, and the United States. Only 36 percent of research funding comes from the private sector, while in other developed countries, it is more than 70 percent. Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw pointed out that top universities in the world, such as Harvard and MIT, were built with the help of private donations. In India, people have mostly relied on the government to support science. However, this attitude is changing as more business leaders get involved. Neera Nundy, who helps companies with their charitable strategies, said that the new generation of donors is more interested in technology and results. Still, most donations in India go to education and healthcare, not science. There are also challenges because universities and industries do not work together closely enough, and there are problems with the quality of higher education. However, experts believe that if more families and companies start giving to science, it could lead to major improvements. For example, pharmaceutical companies could invest more in research to develop new drugs. As India's economy grows, it is likely that more people will support science, helping the country become more competitive and innovative.