恐狼與猛獁象：科學家為何擔心復活滅絕物種

The recent announcement by Colossal Biosciences about the creation of three dire wolf puppies has sparked a mix of excitement and concern among scientists and conservationists. These puppies, which are genetically modified to exhibit traits similar to those of the dire wolves that roamed the Earth over 13,000 years ago, have captured the public's imagination, especially among fans of the popular series Game of Thrones. The author of the series, George R R Martin, expressed his enthusiasm for this scientific breakthrough, stating that it reminded him of the excitement felt when humans first landed on the moon. Colossal Biosciences, a biotechnology company based in Dallas, Texas, is not only focused on the dire wolf but also aims to bring back other extinct species, including the woolly mammoth and the Tasmanian tiger. The company has garnered significant financial backing from high-profile investors, which has fueled its ambitious goals. However, the idea of de-extinction has raised serious concerns among many scientists. Critics argue that the resources and attention devoted to resurrecting extinct species could detract from the urgent need to protect endangered species that are still alive. They fear that the notion of bringing back extinct animals might lead to complacency regarding current environmental issues, as it could give the impression that we can simply fix past mistakes by resurrecting lost species. This concern is particularly relevant in the context of ongoing environmental degradation, habitat destruction, and climate change, which pose significant threats to biodiversity. Experts in conservation biology and paleontology have voiced their apprehensions about the potential implications of de-extinction efforts. They argue that the focus should be on addressing the root causes of extinction and protecting the species that are currently at risk. The idea that we can bring back extinct species may create a false sense of security, leading to a lack of urgency in addressing the environmental challenges we face today. Colossal Biosciences claims that their work in de-extinction could have positive effects on ecosystems. For instance, they believe that reintroducing woolly mammoths to the Arctic could help maintain the stability of those habitats. By foraging and scraping away snow, these animals could potentially keep the ground frozen, which would help prevent the release of carbon stored in permafrost. However, many scientists are skeptical of these claims, pointing out that the ecosystems have changed significantly since the time of the woolly mammoths. The Arctic environment is not the same as it was during the Pleistocene epoch, and it is uncertain how these reintroduced species would interact with the current ecosystem. Furthermore, some experts argue that the focus on de-extinction could divert attention from more pressing conservation efforts. They emphasize the importance of protecting existing species and their habitats rather than attempting to resurrect those that have been gone for millennia. The challenges facing modern conservationists require a comprehensive approach that addresses the complex interplay of factors contributing to species decline. In conclusion, while the idea of bringing back extinct animals like the dire wolf and woolly mammoth is undoubtedly intriguing, it is essential to consider the broader implications of such efforts. The scientific community is divided on the merits of de-extinction, with many advocating for a focus on preserving the biodiversity that still exists. As we navigate the challenges of conservation in the 21st century, it is crucial to prioritize the protection of living species and their habitats to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.