美國真的陷入經濟衰退了嗎？

Is the US really heading into a recession? This question is on the minds of many people as they watch the economy change. Donald Trump, the President of the United States, has been making statements about the economy that seem to contradict his earlier promises. During his campaign, he assured Americans that he would lead them into a prosperous future. However, now that he is in office, he is warning that the road ahead may be bumpy. He has cautioned that it will be challenging to lower prices and that the public should brace for a 'little disturbance' before the economy can recover. Despite some recent data suggesting that inflation is easing, analysts are increasingly concerned about the possibility of a recession, attributing this to Trump's policies. A recession is defined as a significant and prolonged decline in economic activity, typically marked by rising unemployment and falling incomes. Recently, a report from JP Morgan raised the likelihood of a recession to 40%, up from 30% at the beginning of the year. Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody's Analytics, also increased his estimate from 15% to 35%, citing the impact of tariffs. These tariffs, which are taxes on imports, have been introduced by Trump since he took office and are seen as a major factor contributing to the economic uncertainty. The stock market has also been affected, with the S&P 500, which tracks 500 of the largest companies in the US, experiencing a significant decline. It has fallen to its lowest level since September, reflecting growing fears about the future of the economy. The market had previously reached a peak in February but has since dropped sharply. The concerns surrounding tariffs are significant, as they raise costs for US businesses by imposing taxes on imported goods. Many companies are now facing tighter profit margins and are hesitant to invest or hire new employees while they try to navigate the uncertain economic landscape. Investors are also worried about potential cuts to government jobs and spending. Brian Gardner, a chief strategist at an investment bank, noted that businesses initially believed Trump would use tariffs as a negotiating tool. However, the signals from the President and his administration suggest a more profound restructuring of the American economy, which has been a driving force behind recent market fluctuations. The US economy was already experiencing a slowdown, partly due to the central bank's decision to maintain higher interest rates to stabilize prices. Recent data indicates a more rapid weakening of the economy, with retail sales declining in February and consumer confidence dropping after a brief surge following Trump's election. Major companies, including airlines and retailers like Walmart and Target, are warning of a potential pullback in spending. Analysts are concerned that a decline in the stock market could lead to reduced spending, particularly among higher-income households, which could have a significant impact on the US economy, as it relies heavily on consumer spending. The head of the US central bank, Jerome Powell, attempted to reassure the public by stating that despite the uncertainty, the economy remains in a good position. However, Kathleen Brooks, a research director, cautioned that the interconnectedness of the US economy with the global market means that tariffs could disrupt economic stability, especially as signs of weakness emerge. The stock market's unease is not solely attributed to Trump's policies. Investors have been on edge about the potential for a market correction after experiencing substantial gains over the past two years, particularly in the technology sector. For instance, Nvidia, a chipmaker, saw its share price soar from under $15 at the beginning of 2023 to nearly $150 by November. This dramatic increase has sparked discussions about an 'AI bubble,' with investors closely monitoring for signs of a potential burst, which could significantly impact the stock market regardless of broader economic conditions. As the outlook for the US economy becomes increasingly uncertain, maintaining optimism about AI investments is becoming more challenging. A tech analyst recently expressed that his optimism had 'taken a step back' as the likelihood of a recession has increased measurably over the past month. He emphasized that if a recession occurs, it would be extremely difficult for the AI sector to continue thriving.