揭開全世界最稀有「黃金」血型的奧秘

The world's rarest blood type, known as Rh null, is so uncommon that only one in every six million people have it. This blood type is so rare that only about 50 people in the world are known to have it. Scientists are now working to grow Rh null blood in laboratories, hoping that it could help save lives, especially for those who struggle to find matching blood for transfusions. Blood transfusions are a crucial part of modern medicine, helping people recover from injuries and surgeries. However, not everyone can benefit from donated blood, especially those with rare blood types like Rh null. If someone with Rh null blood is in an accident and needs a transfusion, it is extremely difficult to find a suitable match. Because of this, people with Rh null are encouraged to donate and store their own blood for emergencies.

Rh null blood is not only rare but also highly valuable in the medical field. It is sometimes called 'golden blood' because it can be used in special situations. Blood is classified by the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens are proteins or sugars that the immune system can detect. If someone receives blood with different antigens, their body may attack the new blood, which can be dangerous. The two main blood group systems are ABO and Rhesus (Rh). People with O negative blood are often called universal donors, but this is not entirely accurate. There are hundreds of different antigens, and some can still cause immune reactions. Rh null blood is unique because it lacks all Rh antigens, making it compatible with almost all Rh blood types. This makes O type Rh null blood extremely valuable, as it can be given to most people, even in emergencies when the patient's blood type is unknown.

Researchers are trying to create Rh null blood in the lab using advanced techniques. They use gene editing to remove the genes that produce the antigens, creating blood that is ultra-compatible. Some scientists use stem cells, which can become any type of cell in the body, and edit them to produce Rh null blood cells. However, making lab-grown blood is still a challenge. The cells need to mature properly, which is difficult to achieve outside the body. Clinical trials are underway to test the safety of lab-grown blood, but it may take years before it is widely available. In the meantime, blood donors are still essential, especially for people with rare blood types. The hope is that one day, lab-grown blood will provide a reliable source for those who need it most, making transfusions safer and more accessible for everyone.