科學家解開古老「生命之樹」之謎

Scientists have finally solved the mystery of where ancient baobab trees come from. Through DNA studies, they have discovered that these iconic trees first emerged in Madagascar 41 million years ago. Subsequently, their seeds were transported by ocean currents to Australia and mainland Africa, where they evolved into distinct species. The researchers are now advocating for increased conservation efforts for the baobab trees, as they believe that these trees may be at a higher risk of extinction than previously assumed. Baobabs, also known as 'the tree of life' or 'upside down tree' due to their peculiar shapes and long lifespans, are facing threats from climate change and widespread deforestation. Dr. Ilia Leitch from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and her husband, Prof. Andrew Leitch from Queen Mary University of London, were part of the team that conducted the study. 'We have successfully identified the origin of baobabs, which are a crucial keystone species supporting a wide diversity of animals, plants, and humans,' she stated in an interview with the BBC. 'Furthermore, the data we have gathered has provided valuable new insights that will guide their conservation and ensure their survival. ' The researchers examined eight baobab species, six of which are located in Madagascar, one spread across Africa, and another in northwest Australia. They are urging for enhanced protection measures for two endangered Malagasy species, including the largest and most renowned baobab in Madagascar. Baobabs are among the most extraordinary trees on the planet, deeply intertwined with local cultures and traditions. They are also referred to as the 'mother of the forest' in the Malagasy language, the 'upside down tree,' and the 'tree of life. ' These trees have the ability to live for thousands of years, reaching immense sizes and storing substantial amounts of water in their trunks to survive during dry seasons. Their fruits are highly regarded as a superfood, and their trunks can be utilized to produce fibers for ropes and clothing. Additionally, they produce large white flowers that bloom at dusk, attracting bats as pollinators, which travel great distances to feed on their nectar, and they serve as important nesting sites for birds. The research was a collaborative effort involving the Wuhan Botanical Garden in China, the Royal Botanic Gardens in the UK, the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar, and Queen Mary University of London in the UK. You can follow Helen on Twitter @hbriggs.