「仍處於混亂之中」：波音能否走出危機？

Boeing, a major player in the aviation industry, has faced a tumultuous year filled with challenges that have shaken the company to its core. The company has been grappling with a significant safety and quality control crisis, which has resulted in substantial financial losses. A recent strike by workers at two of Boeing's largest factories brought production to a standstill, compounding the company's difficulties. Additionally, Boeing's space program has encountered setbacks, including a troubling incident in June where two astronauts were left stranded on the International Space Station due to a potential fault in their Boeing Starliner capsule. This series of events has led to a growing crisis of confidence among Boeing employees, as noted by Bjorn Fehrm, an aeronautical and economic analyst. He stated, 'People in Boeing don't believe in words from top management any more,' highlighting the erosion of trust within the organization. One of the employees, Sam Mohawk, a 51-year-old quality assurance investigator at Boeing's Renton factory, has come forward as a whistleblower. He claims that the chaos on the factory floor, particularly since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, has resulted in thousands of faulty or 'non-conforming' parts going missing. These parts may have been installed in aircraft that were subsequently delivered to customers. Mohawk described the situation as 'in shambles,' indicating a breakdown in the company's operations. His allegations were brought to light during a congressional hearing in Washington, where Boeing's leadership faced accusations from Republican Senator Josh Hawley of prioritizing profits over safety. David Calhoun, who was the CEO at the time, denied these claims, asserting that he did not recognize the portrayal of the company. He expressed pride in Boeing's operations and the actions taken by the leadership. In response to the ongoing crisis, Boeing has appointed a new CEO, Kelly Ortberg, who has pledged to restore trust in the company and prioritize passenger safety. The company is also implementing a comprehensive safety and quality plan that was initiated earlier in the year. However, Mohawk remains skeptical, asserting that the push to produce airplanes as quickly as possible to maximize profits continues to overshadow safety concerns. He stated, 'Nothing has changed,' suggesting that the company's executives are still focused on financial gains rather than ensuring quality and safety. Boeing has rejected Mohawk's claims, stating that thorough investigations found no evidence of defective parts being installed on their planes. They emphasized that their data systems track parts, including non-conforming ones, to ensure safety. Another employee, who chose to remain anonymous, echoed Mohawk's concerns, stating that workers often feel pressured by their managers to bypass safety protocols. Mike Dunlop, an aerospace industry veteran, believes that Boeing is beginning to transform itself by returning to its core principles of building airplanes safely and effectively. He noted that there have been significant changes within the company, stating, 'I've seen the biggest changes in the company since the 1960s. ' Boeing remains a vital player in the aviation sector, employing over 150,000 people and contributing significantly to the US economy. However, some insiders argue that the company faces a credibility crisis and must work to regain the trust of both the public and its employees. Boeing's challenging year took a turn for the worse on January 5, when a brand-new Boeing 737 Max experienced a serious incident during a flight from Portland to Ontario. The aircraft, operated by Alaska Airlines, was forced to make an emergency landing after a panel covering an unused emergency exit came loose during ascent. Fortunately, no passengers were injured, but the incident raised alarms about the safety of Boeing's newest and best-selling aircraft. The 737 Max has a troubled history, having been involved in two fatal crashes in 2018 and 2019 that resulted in the deaths of 346 people. These crashes were attributed to a flawed piece of flight control software designed to prevent pilots from needing extensive retraining. Critics have pointed to a culture of cost-cutting at Boeing as a contributing factor to these tragedies. Following the crashes, the 737 Max was grounded for 20 months while regulators scrutinized its design and safety protocols. A congressional report released in September 2020 criticized Boeing's rush to produce new aircraft while cutting corners on safety, stating that this approach had 'jeopardized the safety of the flying public. ' The recent incident in Portland further underscored ongoing quality issues at Boeing, prompting the US Department of Transportation to require the company to develop a comprehensive action plan to address systemic quality control and production problems. Boeing responded by outlining a strategy to improve its production systems, enhance control over its supply chain, and encourage employees to report safety concerns. In July, Boeing reached an agreement to take control of Spirit AeroSystems, a key supplier, as part of its efforts to resolve quality issues. However, the company faced another crisis in September when over 30,000 unionized workers went on strike over a new contract, demanding better pay and benefits. This strike lasted for seven weeks and significantly impacted production of the 737 Max, 777, and 767 freighter models. Boeing's financial struggles have been severe, with losses nearing $8 billion in the first nine months of 2024. The company has announced plans to cut 17,000 jobs, representing about 10% of its workforce. As a result of these challenges, Boeing has delivered fewer aircraft than its competitor Airbus in recent years. In the first nine months of 2024, Boeing delivered 291 planes, while Airbus delivered 497. This has frustrated customers, including Ryanair, which has reduced its growth forecasts for the coming year. Meanwhile, Airbus is also facing its own challenges with suppliers, leading to delays in aircraft deliveries. Both companies are under pressure to meet the demand for new aircraft, with estimates suggesting that over 40,000 new planes will be needed in the next two decades. In December, Mike Whitaker, the administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, visited Boeing's Renton factory and emphasized the need for a cultural shift focused on safety and quality improvement. While Boeing has made progress in executing its comprehensive plan, many experts believe that the company's problems are deeply rooted and will take time to resolve. The future of Boeing hinges on its ability to change its approach to safety and quality, as well as its commitment to rebuilding trust with employees and customers alike.