「人工智慧教父」分享諾貝爾物理學獎

On October 8, 2024, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to two remarkable scientists, Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield, for their groundbreaking contributions to the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The announcement was made during a press conference held by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden. Geoffrey Hinton, often referred to as the 'Godfather of AI', expressed his astonishment at receiving the award. He stated, 'I had no idea this would happen. I'm very surprised. ' At the time of the announcement, he was in a hotel in California with a poor internet connection, which made him think he might have to cancel his plans for the day. John Hopfield, who is 91 years old and a professor at Princeton University, and Geoffrey Hinton, who is 76 and teaches at the University of Toronto, were recognized for their pioneering work that has significantly advanced the understanding and development of artificial intelligence. The significance of their work lies in the realm of machine learning, a crucial aspect of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time. This technology is integral to many applications we use daily, from internet searches to photo editing on our smartphones. The Nobel Prize committee highlighted the impact of their research, noting its applications in various fields, including climate modeling, the development of solar cells, and the analysis of medical images. Hinton mentioned that he currently utilizes ChatGPT4, an AI chatbot, for various tasks, showcasing the practical implications of their work in everyday life. Geoffrey Hinton's research on neural networks has been transformative, as these systems mimic the way the human brain processes information and learns from experiences. This process, known as deep learning, allows AI systems to improve their capabilities over time. Hinton described his work as revolutionary, stating, 'It’s going to be like the Industrial Revolution - but instead of our physical capabilities, it’s going to exceed our intellectual capabilities. ' However, he also expressed concerns about the future of AI, particularly regarding the potential for machines to surpass human intelligence and take control. When asked if he regretted his life's work, Hinton affirmed that he would pursue the same path again, but he remains apprehensive about the consequences of such advancements. John Hopfield's contributions to science are equally significant. He developed a network that can save and recreate patterns, utilizing principles from physics to describe how materials behave at the atomic level. This network operates similarly to how the human brain recalls words by using associated but incomplete information. The Nobel Prize committee acknowledged that the work of both scientists has become embedded in our daily lives, influencing technologies such as facial recognition and language translation. However, Ellen Moons, the chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics, cautioned that the rapid development of AI raises important concerns about our collective future. The prize awarded to Hinton and Hopfield amounts to 11 million Swedish kronor, approximately £810,000. Hinton, who resigned from Google in 2023, has voiced his concerns about the dangers posed by AI chatbots, describing some of the risks as 'quite scary. ' He believes that governments should consider implementing a universal basic income to address the potential job losses caused by AI advancements. Hinton worries that while AI may enhance productivity and generate wealth, the benefits will primarily accrue to the wealthy, leaving those whose jobs are displaced at a disadvantage. In a recent interview, he expressed his belief that governments are not doing enough to regulate the military applications of AI, and he fears that the competition among tech companies to develop new products may lead to insufficient attention to safety measures. Hinton predicts that within the next five to twenty years, society may face significant challenges related to AI's potential to dominate. The Nobel Prize in Physics has a rich history of honoring exceptional scientists. In 2023, the prize was awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier for their work on attoseconds, which are extremely short pulses of light. In 2022, Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger received the prize for their research in quantum mechanics, which explores the fundamental nature of the universe at the smallest scales. The recognition of Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield underscores the importance of their contributions to science and technology, particularly in the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence.