恐慌與可能性：2023 年工人們對人工智慧的了解

The article titled 'Panic and possibility: What workers learned about AI in 2023' discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the workforce. AI, a technology that mimics human intelligence, has significantly altered our work patterns. OpenAI, a company, launched a chatbot named ChatGPT a year ago. This chatbot has become an integral part of many workers' daily routines. AI, once an abstract concept, is now a familiar tool that enhances workflows and fosters innovation. However, not everyone is enthusiastic about this technology. Some view it as a threat to their careers, creating a significant debate this year.

The most prominent AI workplace trends of 2023 demonstrate how the technology has revolutionised work. They also provide insights into how AI might shape 2024, given its rapid evolution. Many employees have adapted to using AI for time-saving administrative tasks, especially rudimentary writing and basic ideation. This is particularly true in knowledge-work positions, where AI has the potential to liberate workers for more creative and sophisticated tasks. Some workers even use AI to write resumes and cover letters. However, as AI usage increases, some employers are restricting its use in the workplace due to concerns about potential misuse or data leaks, according to Simon Johnson, head of the global economics and management group at MIT Sloan School of Management. Some employees who heavily rely on these tools have had to find covert ways to retain access, with social media communities offering tips on how to secretly use the technology at work.

AI's evolution is starting to impact jobs previously considered safe from automation. For instance, text-to-image generative AI programs like Midjourney and Stable Diffusion can produce stunning illustrations and photorealistic renders in moments, tasks typically performed by highly skilled commercial art teams. A March 2023 report from Goldman Sachs estimated that AI capable of content generation could perform a quarter of all work currently done by humans, potentially leading to the loss of 300 million jobs across Europe and the US. Mark Muro, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, states that this is now a concern for the middle-class office worker. The outcome of this situation is less predictable than the advent of physical automation. However, there are still many roles and tasks that AI won't be capable of performing in the near future, particularly those requiring soft skills such as emotional intelligence and creative thinking.

Martin Ford, author of 'Rule of the Robots: How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Everything', believes that jobs requiring the development of new business strategies or sophisticated interpersonal relationships, such as nurses and business consultants, are difficult for machines to replace. These jobs require a deep understanding of people, which AI is unlikely to achieve soon. Trade jobs like electricians, plumbers, and welders, which require problem-solving ability, mobility, and dexterity in unpredictable environments, are also difficult to automate.

As AI becomes more prevalent, some experts believe that the technology is more likely to augment human talent than replace it. Joanne Song McLaughlin, an associate professor of labour economics at the University of Buffalo, cites medical diagnoses as an example. While a robot may be able to detect cancer, most patients would prefer a qualified medical professional to deliver the news. Workers are already using ChatGPT as a personal assistant for drafting emails, planning itineraries, and projecting costs and timelines. Professionals are also using AI to eliminate bias in decision-making, with some large corporations employing data-driven recruitment to match candidates with the right vacancies. AI will also create new jobs, such as data engineers, governance specialists, and various 'training' roles.

Despite the fear and uncertainty surrounding AI, there is also optimism. Technology has advanced exponentially over the decades, from the rise of automation in mechanics to office computers and wireless internet. Scott Likens, global AI and innovation technology leader at PwC, states that technology advancements have the potential to automate or streamline work processes. However, with the right set of skills, individuals can progress alongside these advancements. Experts recommend viewing AI as a tool rather than a threat. The best approach is to adapt, learn, and embrace the technology. Education and training are crucial for employees to understand AI and its potential for their roles, as well as to develop new skills. Instead of avoiding AI, employees should plan to embrace and educate themselves about it.