孩子們沉迷於 Minecraft 背後的心理學

Minecraft is a video game that has captured the hearts of many children around the world. It is known for being the best-selling computer game ever and is even being made into a movie. AJ Minotti, a father of three, has seen firsthand how much his kids enjoy playing Minecraft. His twin daughters, who are 10 years old, and his 6-year-old son spend hours building and creating in the game. One day, one of his daughters excitedly showed him a creation she had made. She had built a cave behind a waterfall, which led to a hidden underground mansion. AJ was amazed by her creativity and skill. She had learned some of her building techniques from YouTube tutorials, but she also used her imagination to design much of it herself. AJ remarked that it reminded him of his own childhood experiences with computers. Since its release in 2009, Minecraft has sold millions of copies and has become a favorite among players of all ages. The game is so popular that a movie adaptation is in the works, featuring well-known actors like Jack Black and Jason Momoa. However, some parents worry about their children's screen time and the potential for addiction to video games. Experts suggest that there are deeper psychological reasons for the game's popularity among children. They believe that Minecraft taps into a fundamental human instinct: the desire to build and create. Throughout history, children have enjoyed making things, whether it be sandcastles, forts, or using toys like Lego. Minecraft is simply a modern version of this type of play, but in a digital environment. Psychologist Peter Gray explains that play is essential for young animals, including humans, as it helps them develop important survival skills. For example, predatory animals practice hunting, while prey animals learn to escape from danger. Humans have relied on their ability to build and create for survival, so it is natural for children to be drawn to games that allow them to express this instinct. Gray also points out that children use their imagination and language during play, which prepares them for adulthood. The things children choose to build in games like Minecraft often reflect their cultural environment. This is why it is not surprising that many kids today are attracted to video games. They instinctively understand that these games help them develop valuable skills. Another expert, Julian Togelius, has observed similar building impulses in his young son, who is not even three years old. At nursery, his son enjoys creating tunnels for his toy trains. As he grows older, he may find computer games even more appealing. Sandbox games like Minecraft allow players to explore their creativity without strict objectives. Togelius explains that in Minecraft, creating something is straightforward and enjoyable. This makes it easier for children to engage with computers in a way that feels natural to them. In addition to the creative aspect, Minecraft also offers a Survival Mode where players must fend off enemies, adding an element of excitement to the game. AJ Minotti highlights the social aspect of Minecraft as well. When his children cannot meet their friends in person, they can still connect and play together online. This makes Minecraft a virtual hangout space for kids. The game serves as a vast playground where children can choose how they want to play. Togelius has studied player behavior in Minecraft and found that players express their personalities through their in-game actions. For instance, players who prefer independence often do not complete the main quests, while those who value family may build homes and safe spaces. Although Togelius has not yet studied children, he believes that their personalities also manifest in their gameplay. His research indicates that Minecraft players tend to be more curious and less focused on revenge compared to the general population. The wide range of activities available in Minecraft contributes to its broad appeal. Psychologist Bailey Brashears has researched how Minecraft can be used as a tool for psychological studies and identified five key gameplay elements: social interaction, competence through challenges, creativity, engineering, and survival. Most games focus on one or two of these aspects, but Minecraft encompasses all of them. However, parents are understandably concerned about the amount of time their children spend playing video games. AJ Minotti ensures that his kids also engage in outdoor activities, such as basketball, and he monitors their online interactions to keep them safe. The NSPCC, a children's charity in the UK, provides guidance on how to keep kids safe while playing games like Minecraft. There have been serious issues related to online safety, and it is crucial for parents to be aware of these risks. Overall, AJ feels comfortable with his children spending time in Minecraft because he knows they are using it creatively. He views it as a digital playground where they can express themselves freely. Players often enter a state of intense focus known as 'flow' when playing Minecraft, which allows them to become deeply engrossed in the game. This phenomenon can help them ignore distractions in their surroundings. However, not all children are equally interested in Minecraft. A study found that a higher percentage of boys play the game compared to girls, highlighting the need for games to engage both genders. AJ Minotti is not concerned about his daughters' ability to use computers. He believes that Minecraft is an excellent way for them to develop their skills. He appreciates that the game provides a solution for creating without needing a lot of physical space for toys. In conclusion, Minecraft is like having an endless supply of Lego pieces at your fingertips, allowing children to build and create in a fun and engaging way.