川普的晶片戰略：美國將難以與亞洲抗衡

Microchips are crucial components that power a wide range of devices, from everyday household appliances to advanced military technology. The United States was once the leader in microchip manufacturing, but over the years, countries in Asia, particularly China and Taiwan, have taken the lead in this industry. Gina Raimondo, the former US Commerce Secretary, pointed out that the US has 'dropped the ball' on chip manufacturing, allowing other nations to advance significantly. Now, President Donald Trump is determined to change this situation and revive the US chip industry. He believes that by implementing new policies and tariffs, he can stimulate the economy and bring jobs back to America. However, the challenges are substantial. Many American companies have struggled with a shortage of skilled workers and issues with product quality in their factories. This raises the question: what can Trump do differently to improve the situation? And is it even feasible for the US to compete with countries like Taiwan, which have mastered the art of producing high-precision chips? Microchips are essential for powering various devices, and their production involves a complex and costly process. For instance, while the design of an iPhone's chips may originate in the US, the actual manufacturing often takes place in countries like Taiwan, Japan, or South Korea. The raw materials required for chip production are primarily sourced from China. After manufacturing, the chips may be sent to Vietnam for packaging, then to China for assembly and testing, before finally being shipped back to the US. This intricate supply chain highlights the interconnectedness of the global chip industry. Trump has expressed admiration for the chip sector but has also threatened to impose hefty tariffs on companies that do not establish factories in the US. This creates uncertainty for businesses that need to plan for long-term investments. Some companies have shown a willingness to invest in the US, but they face numerous challenges, including rising costs and difficulties in recruiting skilled labor. The US government has attempted to address these issues by enacting the Chips and Science Act, which aims to incentivize domestic chip manufacturing through grants, tax credits, and subsidies. This legislation is part of a broader strategy to reduce reliance on foreign chip production and diversify supply chains. Major companies like TSMC and Samsung have benefited from this legislation, receiving substantial financial support to build factories in the US. However, TSMC has indicated that most of its advanced chip production will remain in Taiwan, as it took decades for the country to develop its manufacturing capabilities. Despite the US's efforts, it is clear that Taiwan currently has a significant advantage in chip production. The question of whether the US can catch up depends on the level of investment made in domestic manufacturing compared to Taiwan. Today, Taiwan has far more capacity and expertise in this field. The reality is that building a robust chip manufacturing industry takes time and resources. Meanwhile, other countries, such as India, are also looking to establish themselves in the chip supply chain. India has the potential to become a significant player due to its large workforce and willingness to invest in chip manufacturing. However, it faces challenges, including land acquisition for factories and ensuring access to high-quality water, which is essential for chip production. The demand for chips is immense, particularly from major US companies like Microsoft, Apple, and Cisco. This demand may pressure the US government to reconsider its tariff policies and work more closely with these companies. Some insiders believe that lobbying efforts by influential figures, such as Apple CEO Tim Cook, have already led to exemptions from certain tariffs. In the face of these challenges, experts argue that the US must adopt a collaborative approach to build a successful chip industry. The lessons learned from the Asian semiconductor ecosystem suggest that no single country can operate a chip industry in isolation. Instead, fostering partnerships and cooperation in a globalized economy may be the key to success in the chip manufacturing sector.