使用三個人的 DNA 製成的嬰兒出生時不會患有遺傳疾病

In the United Kingdom, a groundbreaking medical technique has allowed eight babies to be born free from a serious inherited illness called mitochondrial disease. This disease is usually passed from mothers to their children and can cause severe health problems, including muscle weakness, heart issues, and even early death. The new method, developed by scientists in Newcastle, uses DNA from three people: the mother, the father, and a female donor.

The process works by combining the egg and sperm from the parents with a second egg from a healthy donor. The donor's egg provides healthy mitochondria, which are tiny structures inside our cells that produce energy. If mitochondria are faulty, the body cannot get enough energy, leading to serious health problems. About one in every 5,000 babies is born with mitochondrial disease, and for some families, it has caused the loss of more than one child.

To create a baby free from this disease, doctors fertilize eggs from both the mother and the donor with the father's sperm in a laboratory. The DNA from the parents is then placed into the donor's egg, which contains healthy mitochondria. This means the baby gets almost all of its DNA from its parents, but a very small amount, about 0. 1 percent, from the donor. This small change is enough to prevent the disease from being passed on.

The families who have used this technique are very grateful. One mother said, 'After years of uncertainty this treatment gave us hope - and then it gave us our baby. ' Another parent shared, 'The emotional burden of mitochondrial disease has been lifted, and in its place is hope, joy, and deep gratitude. ' The babies born through this method are healthy and developing normally. There were a few minor health issues, such as a case of epilepsy that went away on its own and a child with an abnormal heart rhythm that is being treated, but these are not believed to be related to the mitochondria.

The UK is the first country in the world to make this technique legal, after a vote in Parliament in 2015. Some people were concerned about changing the DNA of future generations, since any girls born using this method will pass the donor's healthy mitochondria to their own children. However, experts say this is a safe and important step forward. The Newcastle Fertility Centre, where the procedures took place, expects that 20 to 30 babies could be born using this method each year.

The science behind this technique was developed over a decade ago, and a special service was set up in the NHS in 2017. The process involves carefully removing the parents' DNA from their fertilized egg and placing it into the donor's egg, which has had its own DNA removed. This creates an embryo with the parents' DNA and the donor's healthy mitochondria.

Families like the Kittos are hopeful for the future. Kat's youngest daughter Poppy, who is 14, has mitochondrial disease and needs a wheelchair and special care. Kat says, 'We have a lovely time as she is, but there are the moments where you realize how devastating mitochondrial disease is. ' Her older daughter Lily, who is 16, may be able to have healthy children in the future thanks to this new technique.

Experts are excited about the results so far. Professor Bobby McFarland, who leads the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, said, 'To see the relief and joy in the faces of the parents of these babies after such a long wait and fear of consequences, it's brilliant to be able to see these babies alive, thriving and developing normally. ' The founder of the Lily Foundation charity, Liz Curtis, added, 'For many affected families, it's the first real hope of breaking the cycle of this inherited condition. '

This new method is a major step forward in medical science and offers hope to families who have suffered from mitochondrial disease for generations. The UK is leading the way, and more research will help improve the technique even further.