希斯路機場擴建計畫耗資490億英鎊

Heathrow Airport, one of the busiest airports in the world, has announced a major expansion plan that is expected to cost £49 billion. The airport's CEO, Thomas Woldbye, explained that the expansion is urgent because Heathrow is currently operating at full capacity, which is making it harder for businesses and travelers to connect with the rest of the world. The funding for this massive project will come from private investors, not from the government. The UK government supports the plan, with Chancellor Rachel Reeves stating that the expansion will help make Britain the best-connected place for business globally. However, the proposal has sparked strong opposition from environmental groups, local residents, and some politicians. London's mayor, Sadiq Khan, has voiced concerns about increased noise, air pollution, and the challenge of meeting climate change targets if the expansion goes ahead.

The expansion plan includes several major changes. The most significant is the construction of a third runway, called the North-Western Runway, which will be 3,500 meters long. This new runway is expected to increase the airport's capacity to 756,000 flights and 150 million passengers each year. The plan also involves building a new terminal, T5X, expanding Terminal 2, and adding three new satellite terminals. Terminal 3 will be closed as part of the changes. To improve transportation, the airport will enhance local rail connections, create new walking and cycling routes, and make major changes to the M25 motorway, including building a new tunnel under the airport and widening the road between junctions 14 and 15. Two new parkways and improved bus and coach stations are also part of the plan. The costs are broken down as £21 billion for the new runway and related infrastructure, £12 billion for the new terminal, and £15 billion for modernizing the existing airport facilities. Heathrow claims that the expansion will boost the UK economy by 0. 43 percent of GDP.

Business groups and airlines have welcomed the proposal, calling it an investment in the nation's future. They argue that the expansion will open up new markets for exporters, improve connections for visitors, and unlock billions in private investment. John Dickie, chief executive of BusinessLDN, said that the airport is currently at full capacity and that the expansion will help businesses connect with overseas markets and support Britain's economic growth. He also mentioned that the expansion could help the government reach its goal of attracting 50 million international visitors to the UK each year.

Despite these benefits, environmental concerns remain a major issue. Thomas Woldbye insists that the expansion is in line with the aviation industry's goal to reach net zero emissions by 2050. He points out that Heathrow is the airport with the highest use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel in the world and that the government will not grant planning permission unless strict emission limits are met. However, environmental groups like Greenpeace have criticized the plan, calling the environmental arguments 'hopeful marketing spin. ' Dr. Douglas Parr from Greenpeace UK argues that the government is prioritizing the needs of frequent flyers over the wider public, who will have to deal with increased pollution. He suggests introducing a 'frequent flier levy' and says no expansion should happen until pollution problems are solved.

Local politicians and residents are also worried. Sadiq Khan says he is not convinced that the extra flights will not have a huge negative impact on the area. He promises that City Hall will closely examine the effects on local people and the transport system. Some residents in Harmondsworth, a village near the airport, fear that a third of their village will be destroyed if the new runway is built.

There is also a rival proposal from the Arora Group, which claims it can expand the airport for less than £25 billion without moving the M25. Their plan involves building a shorter runway and a new terminal, which they say could be ready by 2035. Heathrow's CEO argues that a shorter runway would not provide enough capacity, but says he is open to discussions if it can deliver the same benefits.

The government will review both proposals before making a final decision. Some experts believe that getting approval and actually building the new runway will be very difficult, as similar plans have failed in the past. The London Borough of Hillingdon, which includes Heathrow, opposes the expansion, saying the public will end up paying for the changes to the M25 and other infrastructure. The debate over Heathrow's future is likely to continue for some time, with strong opinions on both sides.