戰勝登革熱的新方法：聾蚊子停止交配

Researchers have discovered a unique and innovative method to combat diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and Zika. This approach involves making male mosquitoes deaf, which hinders their ability to mate with female mosquitoes. This is crucial because it is the female mosquitoes that bite humans and transmit diseases. By preventing them from reproducing, we can significantly decrease the population of mosquitoes capable of spreading these harmful viruses. nThe study was conducted by a team from the University of California, Irvine, focusing on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are responsible for infecting approximately 400 million people annually. The researchers closely examined the mating behaviors of these mosquitoes, which typically occurs in mid-air. Male mosquitoes rely heavily on their sense of hearing to locate and pursue females, who produce attractive wingbeat sounds. nIn their experiment, the scientists altered a specific genetic pathway that is essential for the hearing of male mosquitoes. As a result, these modified males were unable to hear the wingbeat sounds of females, even after being placed in the same cage for three days. This finding is significant because it demonstrates that if male mosquitoes cannot hear, they cannot successfully mate with females, leading to a reduction in the number of offspring. nThe researchers targeted a protein known as trpVa, which plays a vital role in the hearing process of mosquitoes. In the genetically modified males, the neurons responsible for detecting sound showed no response to the flight tones or wingbeats of potential mates. Consequently, the enticing sounds of female mosquitoes went unheard. In contrast, the wild-type male mosquitoes were quick to mate multiple times, successfully fertilizing nearly all the females present in their cage. The researchers from the University of California, Santa Barbara, confirmed that the gene modification was highly effective, as the deaf males did not engage in any mating behavior. nDr. Joerg Albert, an expert on mosquito mating from the University of Oldenburg in Germany, commented on the research, stating that targeting the sense of hearing is a promising strategy for mosquito control. However, he emphasized the need for further study and careful management of this approach. He noted, 'The study provides a first direct molecular test, which suggests that hearing is indeed not only important for mosquito reproduction but essential. Without the ability of males to hear - and acoustically chase - female mosquitoes might become extinct. ' nIn addition to this method, researchers are also exploring the possibility of releasing sterile male mosquitoes in areas where mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent. This could further help in reducing the population of disease-carrying mosquitoes. While mosquitoes are known to transmit diseases, they also play a crucial role in the ecosystem, serving as food for various animals, including fish, birds, bats, and frogs, and some species are important pollinators.