中國能否像推動電動車熱潮一樣推動自動駕駛計程車革命？

In Beijing, China, robotaxis are becoming a normal part of city life, especially in the Yizhuang district. These driverless cars, operated by companies like Baidu, WeRide, and Pony. ai, can be ordered through a smartphone app. When you book a ride, a car arrives with no one in the driver's seat. After you confirm your trip on a screen, the robotaxi joins the busy Beijing traffic, skillfully moving around buses, cyclists, scooters, and pedestrians. The technology is still being improved, but it is already impressive to see how these cars handle the city's complicated roads.

China's success with electric vehicles has helped it move quickly into the robotaxi business. Unlike companies like Tesla, which do most things themselves, China's self-driving industry is built on teamwork. Big carmakers such as BYD, Chery, Geely, and SAIC make the vehicles, while other companies focus on the software that controls the cars. Because China already has a huge supply chain for electric cars, it is easier and cheaper for them to build robotaxis. The government also supports these efforts by allowing companies to test their cars on public roads. This gives the cars a chance to learn from real-life traffic, which is often very busy and unpredictable in China.

However, there are still many challenges. Robotaxis need to work in all kinds of weather, from heavy rain in Southeast Asia to freezing winters in Switzerland. Extreme temperatures can make batteries weaker, and bad weather can confuse the cameras and sensors that help the cars see. There have also been safety concerns. For example, earlier this year, a problem in Wuhan left about 100 robotaxis stuck, and some passengers could not get out because the doors were locked. This made people worry about how safe robotaxis really are.

Chinese companies are not just focusing on robotaxis. They are also working on self-driving buses and delivery vans. Some companies, like QCraft, already have autonomous buses running in more than 20 Chinese cities and are starting to expand to other countries. Experts believe that in the next five to ten years, autonomous vehicles could become a normal part of everyday life.

In the United States, Waymo is the leading robotaxi company, with paid driverless services in several cities. Other companies like Zoox and Tesla are moving more slowly, and Uber has stopped making its own autonomous vehicles. Instead, Uber and Lyft are now working with Chinese companies, which helps them reach more customers. Some people think Waymo offers a better user experience than Chinese robotaxis, but Chinese companies are catching up quickly.

There are also different opinions about robotaxis in different countries. In the US, some workers are worried that robotaxis could take away jobs from taxi and delivery drivers. In China, the government says automation can help with the country's shrinking workforce. President Xi Jinping has encouraged the development of AI and robotics to create new jobs and grow the economy.

Robotaxis could also help people who have trouble getting around, like the elderly or disabled. If the cost of a robotaxi ride becomes as cheap as, or even cheaper than, a regular taxi, more people might use them. However, there are still many hurdles to overcome, such as safety, regulations, and public trust. Robotaxis also collect a lot of data, which can cause security concerns in other countries.

Despite these challenges, Chinese companies are optimistic. They see positive attitudes from governments in China and other countries. For China, robotaxis are part of a bigger plan to become a leader in high-tech industries, using its strengths in batteries, electric vehicles, and artificial intelligence. The race to develop robotaxis is not just about transportation, but about shaping the future of technology around the world.