什麼是半導體？為什麼川普威脅要徵收 100% 的關稅？

Semiconductors are small but powerful components that are essential to modern technology. They are made from materials like silicon and can both conduct and block electricity, which allows them to act as switches in electronic devices. This unique ability is what makes them so important for things like smartphones, laptops, video game consoles, medical devices, and even solar panels. Without semiconductors, many of the devices we use every day simply would not work.

The majority of the world's semiconductors are produced in Taiwan, mainly by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, or TSMC. TSMC is the largest chipmaker in the world and supplies chips to major tech companies such as Apple, Nvidia, and Microsoft. South Korea is another major player in the semiconductor industry, with companies like Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix leading the way, especially in the production of memory chips. The United States, Europe, and China all rely heavily on these countries for their semiconductor needs, which has led to concerns about supply chain security and technological independence.

Recently, former US President Donald Trump announced plans to impose a 100% tariff on imported semiconductors. His goal is to encourage companies to manufacture more chips in the United States, which he believes will create jobs and make the country less dependent on foreign suppliers. Trump has said that companies can avoid these tariffs if they invest in US manufacturing. For example, Apple, which currently gets its chips from TSMC in Taiwan, could avoid the tariff by sourcing chips made in the US. This announcement caused TSMC's stock price to rise, as investors believed the company might be able to avoid the tariffs.

However, these tariffs could also have negative effects. If companies have to pay more to import chips, they might pass those costs on to consumers, making electronics more expensive. There could also be delays as companies try to move their manufacturing operations to the US. The US government has already started offering financial incentives to companies that build chip factories in America, such as the $6. 6 billion awarded to TSMC for building a plant in Arizona. But there are challenges, like finding enough skilled workers to staff these new factories. TSMC had to bring in thousands of workers from Taiwan to help with construction.

In the long run, the US hopes to become more self-sufficient in semiconductor production. This would help protect the country from supply chain disruptions and reduce its reliance on other countries, especially in times of political tension. However, building up the necessary infrastructure and workforce will take time, and for now, the global tech industry remains closely tied to chipmakers in Asia.