為什麼11種癌症在年輕人中激增？科學家發現了線索！

A new study from scientists in England has found that eleven different types of cancer are becoming more common among young people. This includes people in their late teens, twenties, thirties, and forties. While cancer is still rare in these age groups, the increase has worried doctors and families. The researchers believe that the rise in people being overweight or obese may be part of the reason, but it does not explain everything. They are still searching for more clues about why this is happening.

One story that shows the impact of this trend is about Bradley Coombes, a young man from Portsmouth. Bradley was only 23 years old when he died from bowel cancer. His mother, Caroline Mousdale, said that Bradley was very healthy and loved playing football. He started to feel sick after his first year at university. He lost a lot of weight and had stomach pain, then later had diarrhea and blood in his stools. Even though he had many warning signs, doctors thought he was too young to have cancer. It took 18 months for him to get the right diagnosis. By then, the cancer was so large that it blocked the camera during his colonoscopy. Surgery and chemotherapy could not save him, and he died with his dog Buster by his side. Caroline wants to know why young people like her son are dying from cancer.

The scientists looked at national trends in cancer and lifestyle habits. They found that bowel and breast cancers are the most common in young adults, with about 11,500 cases each year. Other cancers, like thyroid, liver, kidney, and mouth cancer, are also increasing. The study showed that habits like smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating red meat are not getting worse, and some are even improving. The only thing that matched the rise in cancer was the increase in overweight and obesity since the 1990s. Extra fat can change hormones in the body and raise the risk of cancer. However, this only explains part of the increase. For example, in bowel cancer, only about 20 out of every 100 new cases are linked to extra weight. The rest are still a mystery. Scientists say that living a healthy lifestyle, such as not smoking, staying active, and eating well, can help lower the risk of cancer. They are also looking at other possible causes, like pollution, gut bacteria, and new types of food. Even though cancer in young people is rising, it is still much less common than in older people. About one in 1,000 young people get cancer each year, compared to one in 100 older people. The search for answers continues, and scientists hope to learn more soon.