威爾斯野火：大自然面臨長達數世紀的復甦挑戰

Wildfires have caused serious damage to natural habitats in Wales this summer, with experts warning that recovery could take hundreds of years. In the Rhinogydd mountains in Gwynedd, a fire started on the Harlech side and spread towards Trawsfynydd, burning over 2,000 acres of land. The fire lasted nearly two weeks before it was finally extinguished by a specialist helicopter and rainfall. Aerial photos show vast areas of scorched moorland and burnt trees, leaving the landscape blackened and empty. Another major incident occurred near Sychnant Pass in Conwy, where villagers in Capelulo were evacuated as the fire spread across more than 200 acres, coming dangerously close to homes. The Pensychnant Conservation Centre lost about one-third of its 150 acres, and experts say it could take decades for the area to recover.

Nick Thomas from Natural Resources Wales explained that if the soil, especially peat-rich upland areas, is incinerated, it could take centuries for vegetation to return. Peat grows at about a millimeter per year, so when it is destroyed, the loss is enormous. Thomas expects 2026 to be the worst year Wales has ever experienced for wildfires. Besides destroying habitats and animal life, the loss of soil increases flood risks because the soil no longer acts as a sponge to hold water. This summer, wildfires were so extensive that they were visible from space, and smoke from a fire in Blaenavon, Torfaen, could be smelled as far away as Cardiff. Although fewer wildfires were reported in the second half of July compared to 2025, Thomas believes this year has been worse than any he can remember.

While some areas may recover quickly, possibly within a couple of years, it depends on how deep the fire burned. If the fire incinerated the soil, hundreds of years' worth of soil could be lost, making it very difficult for vegetation to return. The Rhinogydd mountain range is home to some of Wales' most important natural habitats, and the damage is significant. In 2018, a wildfire on Mynydd Llantysilio near Llangollen burned about 10 centimeters of peat, and eight years later, large patches still lack heather. This year, there was a big increase in heather beetles, possibly due to milder winters, which stripped plants of their leaves and left dry stems that can easily catch fire. Thomas said this is part of a vicious cycle linked to climate change. Bird protection charity RSPB Cymru said wildfires have a significant impact on breeding birds and fragile habitats, which can take years to recover. Julian Thompson, warden of Pensychnant Conservation Centre for 36 years, said the soil had turned to dust after the fire, and rare moths and snakes were destroyed. Volunteers and teachers at the centre believe education is vital to prevent wildfires, as people's actions, such as discarding bottles or cigarettes, can cause fires and lasting damage to nature. They urge everyone to respect the countryside and help stop these fires from happening again.