以 1 美元出售房屋可以解決城市衰退嗎？

In the city of Baltimore, a woman named Judy Aleksalza made a remarkable purchase back in the 1970s. She bought her terrace house for just $1, a part of an innovative regeneration initiative aimed at revitalizing abandoned properties. Judy's home is located in the Pigtown neighborhood, which has transformed into a vibrant area with well-maintained 19th-century houses. When Judy first acquired her house, it was in a state of disrepair, and she faced numerous challenges in restoring it. She invested a significant amount of money and effort into renovations, dealing with issues like harsh weather and unreliable contractors. Reflecting on her experience, Judy described it as a 'horror story,' but ultimately, she found joy in the stability and pride that came with owning her home. This $1 home initiative was one of the first of its kind in the United States, allowing individuals who might not have been able to afford a home to take a step onto the property ladder. Jay Brodie, a key figure in the city's housing department at the time, recalls the excitement of selecting participants for the program. The success of the initiative was evident when it gained national attention, even making the cover of a magazine. However, the program came to an end in 1988 after Brodie left his position. nnFast forward to 2013, and a similar concept emerged in Liverpool, England, where city officials sought to address urban decay in their own neighborhoods. Tony Mousedale from the Liverpool City Council was inspired by the Baltimore initiative and proposed a plan to sell abandoned properties at a low cost. The response was overwhelmingly positive, with many individuals eager to take on the challenge of renovating derelict houses. However, not all buyers had a smooth experience. Maxine Sharples, one of the participants, encountered significant obstacles, including a rat infestation and a tree growing out of her window. Despite the hard work and challenges, Maxine expressed that the experience was life-changing, as she now lives in the home of her dreams, which she renovated herself. Similar programs have also been introduced in other countries, including Spain, showcasing a growing trend of revitalizing urban areas through affordable housing initiatives. nnRecently, Baltimore has unveiled a new plan to help regenerate its struggling neighborhoods, once again offering derelict properties for just $1. However, this time, there are specific requirements for potential buyers. They must demonstrate that they have $90,000 available for renovations, must already reside in the city, and commit to living in the renovated property for at least five years. The interest in this new initiative has been high, but only a few individuals have successfully met the criteria so far. Additionally, non-profit organizations known as community land trusts can also purchase these properties for $1, while larger developers can apply to buy them for $3,000. While these $1 home schemes generate excitement and media attention, critics like David Simon, the creator of the acclaimed TV series The Wire, question their effectiveness. Simon argues that the original Baltimore program did not benefit those who were economically disadvantaged, as the properties were often purchased by individuals with enough resources to renovate them. He acknowledges that while the initiative brought some tax revenue back to the city, it did not achieve equitable wealth distribution. In Liverpool, Mousedale recognizes that although the program has improved the area, challenges such as anti-social behavior and unrenovated properties still persist. He believes that regeneration is an ongoing process that requires continuous effort. In Baltimore, David Lidz, who runs a grassroots organization focused on affordable housing, expresses concern that the $1 home initiative may lead to gentrification, pushing out low-income residents as property values rise. Alice Kennedy, the Baltimore Housing Commissioner, is aware of the issues that previous renewal schemes have created and is committed to learning from past mistakes. She emphasizes the importance of addressing historical housing inequalities and ensuring that all communities have the opportunity to thrive.